Modelos de Linguagem e Educação a Distância: Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Sobre o Uso Ético e Pedagógico no Ensino Superior
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https://doi.org/10.18264/eadf.v16i1.2838Palavras-chave:
Ética, Inteligência Artificial, Educação a Distância, Processo de AprendizagemResumo
A adoção de modelos de linguagem de grande escala (LLMs) na educação a distância (EaD) tem crescido rapidamente no ensino superior, porém, seus impactos pedagógicos e éticos ainda são pouco explorados de forma integrada na literatura. Esta revisão de escopo teve como objetivo mapear as evidências disponíveis sobre o uso de LLMs na EaD no ensino superior, identificando aspectos éticos, benefícios, limitações e papel pedagógico dessas ferramentas. Foram elegíveis artigos empíricos e teóricos que abordassem o uso de LLMs no contexto da EaD no ensino superior, com análise de dimensões éticas, pedagógicas ou de impacto na aprendizagem, publicados em inglês ou português. A busca foi conduzida nas bases Scopus e Web of Science, seguindo o protocolo PRISMA-ScR, na qual foram identificados 229 artigos na Scopus e 136 na Web of Science, totalizando 365; após a remoção de 92 duplicatas e a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, 55 artigos foram incluídos na análise final. Os resultados evidenciam que o uso de LLMs pode fortalecer a aprendizagem na EaD ao oferecer personalização, feedback imediato e suporte à organização dos estudos, mas também revela limitações importantes, como imprecisões, vieses, dependência excessiva e riscos à integridade acadêmica. Os estudos convergem ao indicar que os efeitos positivos ocorrem principalmente quando o uso dos LLMs é mediado por práticas pedagógicas estruturadas e alinhadas a diretrizes institucionais. Conclui-se que os LLMs apresentam potencial significativo para qualificar a EaD no ensino superior, desde que integrados a modelos pedagógicos éticos e estruturados, com políticas institucionais claras e estratégias de inclusão digital.
Palavras-chave: Ética. Inteligência artificial. Educação a Distância. Processo de aprendizagem.
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